P: Patient, Problem or Population
What are the characteristics of the patients or population?
I: Intervention
What intervention are you considering (medical, surgical, preventative)?
C: Comparison
What is the alternative being considered, if any?
O: Outcome
What is the estimated clinical outcome?
T: Time
What is the time period?
Question: Does a training program on pressure injury prevention increase the confidence in new nurse graduates working in a long term care facility on preventing and recognizing the early signs of pressure injury?
P: New nurses working in long term care facilities.
I: Training program on pressure injury prevention.
C: No intervention
O: Increased confidence in preventing and recognizing early signs of pressure injury.
T: Three months
Possible search terms related to PICO(T) question:
| new nurs* OR graduate nurs* OR novice nurs* |
pressure ulcer OR pressure injury OR bed sore |
training OR education OR competency | confidence OR self-efficacy OR knowledge |
SPIDER is used for qualitative research projects. These are projects that study the perceptions, experiences, attitudes, etc of a group of participants.
S: Sample
Who are the participants? (Similar to Population in PICO. Groups will be smaller in size)
PI: Phenomenon of Interest
What is being studied?
D: Design
How will the study be conducted (focus groups, survey, observations)?
E: Evaluation
What will be measured (i.e. experiences, attitudes, perceptions, etc.)?
R: Research type
Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods (or even what type of qualitative study: grounded theory, case study, phenomenology, ethnography)?
Question: What are the pressure injury prevention educational experiences of new nurse graduates working at a long term care facility?
S: New nurses working in long term care facilities.
PI: BSN program education with pressure injury prevention.
D: Survey.
E: Experiences.
R: Qualitative.
Possible search terms related to SPIDER:
| new nurs* OR graduate nurs* OR novice nurs* OR BSN graduate | education OR training OR courses OR course work OR clinicals OR simulation | pressure ulcer prevention OR pressure injury prevention OR bed sore prevention | experiences OR perceptions OR perspectives |